The report ‘Active citizenship skills and active digital citizenship skills in a digital age’ was developed within the project EEPN – European Education Policy Network on Teachers and School Leaders (2018-2022 | EAC-2018-0612), and describes the process of the desk research of the Activity 9 of the EEPN on active citizenship skills and active digital citizenship skills in teaching and learning in the digital age. The focus of this desk research is active digital citizenship education and the role of teachers and school leaders in the development of a democratic culture in school in a digital age. Having clear framework, institutional support and appropriate pedagogy is essential for the development of citizenship education initiatives (Deuchar, 2004). In this report we will start by drawing a conceptual map for active digital citizenship in order to have a comprehensive view of the range of practices and challenges active digital citizenship education brings. Secondly, based on the database collected different practices were analyzed according to the Council of Europe Model for Digital Competence Development (Council of Europe, 2019). Thirdly, challenges and tentative recommendations for teachers and school leaders in the implementation of active digital citizenship initiatives were explored.